The National Library of the Czech Republic, located in the baroque complex of Klementinum near Charles Bridge, is the main library of the country. It is managed by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic and coordinates the work of all public libraries in the Czech Republic, except for private ones. Its collection holds all books, manuscripts, and other publications published in Bohemia since 1807, as well as older documents, including Greek papyri from the 1st century.

This library, one of the largest and oldest in Europe, contains over six million documents. Its magnificent baroque hall, built in 1722, is adorned with impressive frescoes, including an image of Emperor Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire, who donated collections to the library that were confiscated from closed monastery libraries, and a portrait of Peter Canisius, the founder of the Czech Jesuit province.

In the center of the hall, one can see a unique collection of globes created by the Jesuits. The Vyšehrad Codex, a facsimile of which is presented on the library tour, is probably the most impressive exhibit in the collection.

The Latin Coronation Gospel, one of the most valuable manuscripts, is estimated to be worth 40 million euros.

In addition to books, the library holds documents, paintings, posters, maps, and photographs. Among the most significant exhibits in the Russian language are 68 manuscripts from the 17th and 19th centuries from the collection of folklorist and literary scholar Alexander Grigoriev, archival documents from the 17th and 19th centuries by Vasily Klyuchevsky, letters from Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, as well as an extensive collection of émigré periodicals, totaling around 40,000 items.