The Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God, also known as the Christmas or Stroganov Church, is an active Orthodox temple located on Christmas Street in Nizhny Novgorod. It was built between 1696 and 1719 with funds from merchant Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov and is considered one of the best examples of Stroganov style, holding the status of a federal architectural monument.

Construction of the church began in 1696, two years after the consecration of the Smolensk Church in Gordeevka. By 1701, the work was nearly completed, but a fire occurred. The restoration of the church was taken on by the merchant's wife, Maria Yakovlevna Stroganova. The main altar was consecrated on June 21, 1719, by Archbishop Pitirim of Nizhny Novgorod and Alatyr in the name of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God, celebrated the day after Christmas. Because of this and the presence of an older church nearby dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin, the church is often mistakenly referred to as the 'Christmas Church.'

In 1722, the church was closed by Peter I, who prayed here on the eve of his 50th birthday. According to a tradition recorded by Archbishop Makarii Mirolubov, the reason for the closure was the presence of icons in the church that were painted for the capital's Peter and Paul Cathedral. However, according to another fact, the church continued to receive financial support in 1723. The temple suffered from fires multiple times. In 1760, Bishop Theophan Charnutsky consecrated the right chapel in honor of St. Onuphrius the Great, and in 1808, Archbishop Benjamin Krasnopevkov consecrated the left chapel in honor of St. Innocent of Irkutsk. Today, the chapels are only remembered by the altar elevations with small pulpits.

In 1807 and 1812, A.S. Stroganov carried out major repairs on the church. In 1820 and 1823, A.A. Betancourt and I.E. Efimov built a brick wall from the dismantled ancient Christmas church. The bell tower, which previously stood separately, was connected to the porch by a covered passage. In 1870 and 1880, the church was thoroughly restored according to the designs of L.V. Dal and R.Ya. Kilevein.

In the 1860s, the bell tower began to lean, moving 1.2 meters over 20 years. In 1887, the upper tiers were dismantled and rebuilt. In the 19th century, the nearby Christmas church was demolished, and its name was transferred to the Stroganov church. In 1913, restoration work was carried out. During the Soviet era, the church was planned for destruction, but the rector, Father Sergey, managed to preserve it by collecting historical documents and photographs and giving lectures on the significance of Stroganov Baroque.

It was decided to house the city museum of the history of religion and atheism in the building, with Father Sergey temporarily serving as the director and hieromonk Spiridon as the caretaker. The church was re-consecrated on June 3, 1993. At the beginning of the new century, a renovation was carried out, resulting in the church losing its historical appearance. On July 24, 2008, Vladimir Putin handed over the icon 'The Resurrection of Christ,' stolen from the church on October 22, 2004, to the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese. In 2007, the icon was purchased by a collector in Estonia and returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. On January 8, 2019, on the feast day, the consecration of the icon of all saints and the bell-calling bell, cast from donations from parishioners for the 300th anniversary of the church, took place.