Anna Petrovna, the tsesarevna and duchess of Holstein, was the daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine I. She was born on January 27, 1708, and died on March 4, 1728. Her future husband, Duke Friedrich Karl of Holstein-Gottorp, arrived in Russia in 1721 hoping that Peter the Great would help him reclaim Schleswig from Denmark and restore his rights to the Swedish throne. However, the Treaty of Nystad in 1721 did not meet his expectations, as Russia committed to not interfere in Sweden's affairs. Nevertheless, the duke had the opportunity to marry the emperor's daughter, tsesarevna Anna. On November 22, 1724, a marriage contract was signed, in which Anna and the duke renounced all rights to the Russian throne for themselves and their descendants. However, Peter retained the right to call one of their future sons to the throne, and the duke agreed to this unconditionally. In January 1725, Peter fell ill, and while trying to write a will, he sent for Anna to dictate his final instructions, but by the time she arrived, he could no longer speak. It is believed that Peter wanted to pass the throne to Anna. The wedding of the duke and Anna took place under Catherine I on May 21, 1725, at the Trinity Church on the Petersburg side. Soon, the duke became a member of the Supreme Privy Council and gained significant influence. However, after Catherine's death in 1727, when power shifted to Menshikov, who planned to marry Peter II to his daughter, the duke's position worsened. As a result of a conflict with Menshikov, the duke and Anna left for Holstein on July 25, 1727. There, Anna died on March 4, 1728, giving birth to a son, Karl Peter Ulrich, the future Emperor Peter III. Before her death, Anna wished to be buried in Russia next to her father's grave in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, which was fulfilled on November 12 of the same year. Contemporaries noted that Anna resembled her father very much, was intelligent, beautiful, and educated, and spoke French, German, Italian, and Swedish fluently. She was also known for her love of children and her affection for her nephew, Peter Alexeyevich, who remained in the shadows during Catherine I's reign.