Rogozhskoe Cemetery in Moscow has served as a spiritual and cultural center for Old Believers in Russia for several centuries. It was founded in 1771 with the permission of Empress Catherine II, who allowed the Old Believers to have a separate burial place for the victims of the plague. The location was chosen deliberately, as it was near the Old Believer village of Novo-Andronovka.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the territory of the Rogozhskoye settlement occupied more than 22 desyatins (24.5 hectares). The term "Rogozhskoe Cemetery" includes not only the cemetery itself but also the settlement adjacent to it, as well as the Rogozhskaya Old Believer community.

Later, a large hospital named after Savva Morozov, the Rogozhskoye school, an orphanage, and five women's monasteries were established here. By 1823, nearly a thousand people lived in the settlement. Around the cemetery, a colorful Old Believer town grew, with churches, chapels, residential houses, and almshouses. Moscow's Old Believers were known for their wealth due to many merchants and manufacturers. It was an isolated world stretching from the present-day Nikoloyamskaya Street to the famous Vladimir Highway, surrounded by a high wooden fence with only one gate facing the city.

The necropolis of Rogozhskoe Cemetery formed in the second half of the 19th century and includes the burials of church archbishops and family graves of the wealthiest merchants in Russia, such as Morozovs, Soldatenkovs, Ryabushinskys, Rakhmanovs, Kuznetsovs, Solovyovs, Shelaputins, and others. To this day, no more than forty family burials of manufacturers and patrons from the "golden age" of the pre-revolutionary Russian era have survived. In 1891, a chapel, a monument to Timofey Morozov, and an iron canopy over the Morozov family burial were constructed according to the design of architect Fyodor Shekhtel and sculptor Nikolai Andreev, which was restored in 2018.

During the Stalinist repressions, executed individuals were secretly buried here, as well as soldiers of the Great Patriotic War who died in Moscow hospitals. In the 1940s, many monuments made of Italian marble and granite were confiscated for the construction and finishing of the Moscow Metro.

On April 29, 2017, a memorial obelisk dedicated to the first burials of Old Believers during the plague epidemic in Moscow was restored, which had been demolished by the Bolsheviks in the 1920s.

A special section of Rogozhskoe Cemetery, the archiepiscopal graves, is revered by Old Believers. Here lie rows of white wooden eight-pointed crosses and several black sarcophagi. Beneath four sarcophagi rest 19th-century archbishops Antoniy, Savvatiy, Arkadiy, and Konon. Under the fifth sarcophagus lie bishops Anastasiy, Gerontiy, and archbishops Irinarkh and Iosif, who led the Old Believer Church during the Soviet era. A white sarcophagus is placed on the grave of Metropolitan Alimpiy (1929, 2003).

Currently, the cemetery is closed, and burials are conducted only for relatives. On its territory, the Pokrovsky Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church, the multi-tiered Resurrection Church-bell tower (architect Fyodor Gornostayev, builder Zinoviy Ivanov), and the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (architect Vasiliy Karneev) operate.