In the 1830s, a refectory was added to the church in the classical style, which included two chapels.

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the church was repeatedly rebuilt and expanded. A refectory was attached to it, and chapels were arranged in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Tikhon of Amathus.

In the 1880s, a three-altar cathedral was rebuilt in the Russian-Byzantine style at the same location, preserving the old refectory with two chapels. Thus, the cathedral became five-altar. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an underground temple-tomb for the Shepelevs was arranged beneath the refectory. In the 1930s, the Transfiguration Cathedral was destroyed, and all six altars were lost.

Today, after excavations and the discovery of the preserved underground part of the cathedral, on June 29, 2000, Archbishop Clement of Kaluga and Borovsk, Metropolitan Methodius of Voronezh and Lipetsk, and Bishop George of Lyudinovo consecrated the foundation for the construction of a new two-tier Transfiguration Cathedral based on a new design developed by the "Creative Workshop of Architect O. Gridassov."

The new stone five-domed cathedral, completed by the summer of 2005 in the Russian-Byzantine style according to the cross-domed scheme, includes two temples: the lower (semi-underground) in honor of St. Tikhon of Kaluga and the upper in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord. In the summer of 2006, finishing works in the lower temple were completed, and a basswood iconostasis was installed. On June 29, 2006, a new carved gilded reliquary was consecrated over the relics of St. Tikhon of Kaluga. On August 28, during the Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God, Metropolitan Clement of Kaluga and Borovsk consecrated the temple in honor of St. Tikhon of Kaluga and held the first festive Divine Liturgy.

On August 28, 2009, the Metropolitan of Kaluga and Borovsk consecrated the upper temple of the cathedral in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord with two side chapels: the southern in honor of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God and the northern in the name of the "Assembly of the Optina Elders."

From 2013 to 2016, the upper temple of the Transfiguration Cathedral was painted by Russian masters in the Byzantine style. The frescoes create an atmosphere filled with golden light and biblical images, conducive to intense and joyful prayer.

Services are held in the temple year-round. In the lower temple, in honor of St. Tikhon of Kaluga, morning prayers, midnight office, and brotherly molebens before the reliquary with the relics of St. Tikhon of Kaluga are held daily, as well as molebens and panikhidas throughout the day. Divine Liturgy is celebrated once a week. On the monastery's feast day, June 28 and 29, a moleben with an akathist is served in the lower temple, followed by an early Divine Liturgy.

In the upper Transfiguration temple, evening services and Divine Liturgy are held on weekdays alternately with the Nikolsky temple, as well as on the feast days of the cathedral's altars, the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, and the Optina Elders.

The interior decoration of the lower temple includes a wooden iconostasis covered with sheet basswood, with painted icons, a separately standing carved gilded reliquary over the relics of St. Tikhon, a wooden choir, carved kiots with icons, and wrought lamps. The upper temple features three wooden carved iconostases (the central three-tiered one made of cypress, and those in the side chapels made of linden) with painted icons, a wooden choir, carved kiots with icons, gilded chandeliers, and lamps.