In 1879, the residents of the settlement near the station appealed to the abbess of the monastery Palladia with a request to build a church. In January of the same year, Emperor Alexander II approved the order of the Minister of Transport to allocate a plot in Tver for the construction of the temple. The land belonged to the Nikolayevskaya Railway and was located at the intersection of Station Avenue (now Chaykovsky Avenue) and Alexandrovskaya Street (now Komintern Street), at the Railway Square. The emperor also approved the church design developed by diocesan architect A. Fyodorov. However, the process stalled at the coordination stage, likely due to a lack of funds.

The issue was revisited ten years later. On September 18, 1889, the technical construction committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs reviewed a new church project created by architect F.N. Malinovsky. It was decided to build the temple in memory of the miraculous salvation of Emperor Alexander Alexandrovich and his family from danger during a train crash at the Vorki station of the Kursk-Kharkov-Donetsk railway on October 17, 1888.

The project, approved in 1891, was sent to Tver Governor Pavel Dmitrievich Akhlestyshev, after which fundraising began. The exterior of the temple was executed in the so-called 'Russian style,' based on the traditions of Russian architecture of the 17th century. Although this style was not unique, its merit lay in the volumetric-spatial composition. The location of the church was also successful, as it completed the perspective of Station Avenue, which connected with Trinity Street leading to the city center.

The church was closed in 1929, and the building was used as a grain storage facility. In the post-war years, it was significantly rebuilt: the two-light square was divided into two floors. A shop was placed on the lower floor, while the upper floor was used for housing. In 1983, during the construction of a new railway station building, the remains of the church were finally dismantled.

On October 20, 2010, at 11:00, the laying of the church in honor of the holy righteous prince Alexander Nevsky took place in Tver at the intersection of Chaykovsky Avenue and Komintern Street.

On December 6, 2017, on the feast day of the cathedral, Metropolitan Viktor of Tver and Kashin consecrated the altar.