Before the 1917 revolution, the building that now houses the A.S. Yesenin State University of Ryazan was home to a women's diocesan school. This school had a house church dedicated to the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos and the martyrs Faith, Hope, Love, and their mother Sophia. The church was established and consecrated on October 22, 1881, with funds from the Ryazan clergy. It was renovated and re-consecrated in 1901, but closed in 1917.

On April 30, 1999, the academic council of the A.S. Yesenin State Pedagogical University decided to build a university church.

The construction of the Church of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos and Saint Martyr Tatiana, with two altars, began with the blessing of Metropolitan Simon of Ryazan and Kasimov and the permission of the Ryazan administration.

In the summer of 2000, preparatory work was carried out, and on January 25, 2001, the day of Saint Martyr Tatiana, the patroness of students, the cornerstone of the church was consecrated. Metropolitan Simon conducted a solemn water blessing service in the presence of teachers, students, and local residents. After laying the foundation, on May 15, 2001, the base of the church was consecrated, and the relics of the martyr Euplus and a scroll with the names of those who participated in the construction were placed in the altar.

On August 25, 2001, the stone masonry was completed, and in March 2002, small crosses were installed.

On the feast day of Saint Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, a festive service and the consecration of the large cross took place.

By early June, the facade and interior plastering work was completed, and on June 18, the iconostasis, crafted by the masters of the Artistic Production Enterprise 'Sofrino' of the Russian Orthodox Church, was installed.

On June 30, 2002, the church was visited by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and all Rus.

On October 31, 2002, a solemn consecration of the church in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos and Saint Martyr Tatiana took place at A.S. Yesenin State University, conducted by Metropolitan Simon of Ryazan and Kasimov.