The museum is known for its archaeological collection, as the city of Pochep gave its name to the archaeological culture of the 4th century, discovered by local resident F.M. Zavernyaev. The collection of items from urban life at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century attracts attention, as well as materials related to A.D. Menshikov, the Razumovskys, and the Zhemchugovs.

In the section dedicated to modern times, there is an extensive collection of items and weapons from participants of the Great Patriotic War. Additionally, several dioramas showcase the wildlife of the region.