From 1776 to 1782, in the vicinity of Moscow, near the St. Petersburg highway, on the lands of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, the famous Moscow architect M. Kazakov built the Petrovsky approach palace.

In 1812, during the Moscow fire, Napoleon's headquarters was located here. After he moved to the Kremlin, the palace was damaged by fire. In the 1820s, during the restoration process, Petrovsky Park was laid out next to the palace. For this, the treasury purchased nearby lands. Major General A.A. Bashilov oversaw the work, and architects I.T. Tamansky, A.A. Menelas, and M.D. Bykovsky participated in the landscaping. Three radial alleys and a central Palace alley were laid out in the park, ponds were dug, and a wooden summer theater building was constructed. In 1837, a Vauxhall, a country entertainment establishment, appeared in the park.

Numerous dachas were located around the park. In the 1840s, at the initiative of the dacha owners, primarily A.D. Naryshkina, the Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built according to the design of architect F.F. Richter. The church has survived to this day and was restored in the 1990s; it is currently operational.

Since the mid-19th century, country restaurants began to open in Petrovsky Park. The most famous of them, "Yar," moved here from the "Hermitage" garden in 1851. Initially, it was located in a wooden building, but in 1910, architect A.E. Erikhson built a stone building for it at the request of owner A.A. Sudakov. In the 1950s, the building was reconstructed, and it housed the "Sovetskaya" hotel with a restaurant of the same name.

In addition to "Yar," there were other establishments in Petrovsky Park, such as the restaurants "Eldorado," "Mauritania," and "Strelna."

In the restaurant "Mauritania," Katusha Maslova from L.N. Tolstoy's novel "Resurrection" slipped sleeping pills to merchant Smelkov. After the revolution, the restaurant closed, and in 1935, the Institute of Aviation Medicine was established here, where domestic space biology and medicine originated. Here, the first dogs were prepared for space flights. In 2008, a monument to the dog Laika was erected on Petrovsky-Razumovsky Alley.

The building of the restaurant "Eldorado" (Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, 1), built in 1908 by architect N.D. Polikarpov according to the design of L.N. Kekushev, has survived to this day.

Among the dacha buildings in Petrovsky Park, the villa of Nikolai Ryabushinsky, "Black Swan," built in 1909 in the neoclassical style by architects V.D. Adamovich and V.M. Mayat on Naryshkin Alley, stands out.

In 1928, during the Soviet era, the "Dynamo" stadium was built in Petrovsky Park according to the design of architects A.Y. Langman and L.Z. Cherikover for the All-Union Spartakiad dedicated to the first five-year plan. Ten years later, a metro station of the same name opened nearby.

The theatrical buildings of the 19th century and the Vauxhall building have not survived to this day. The ponds of Petrovsky Park were filled in during the second half of the 20th century.