Previously, on the site of the current mosque, there was a house built in 1887 that belonged to merchant D. V. Tikhomirov. In 1891, it was acquired by Habib Jamal Habibudovna Tenisheva, who reconstructed the building into a mosque with a minaret in 1893 and 1894. In 1895, she transferred the mosque to the Muslim community.

The mosque operated until 1929, when the authorities closed it, and the building housed a Tatar national school. Later, the structure was converted into a residential building and remained so until March 1991, when, by the decision of the Penza City Executive Committee, it was returned to the Penza Muslim community.

Since 1994, services have resumed in the mosque. Courses for training imams and muezzins have also been organized there.