Evgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky (1884, 1965) was a Russian zoologist and entomologist, the founder of the Soviet school of parasitology, as well as a lieutenant general of the medical service since 1943.

He was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR in 1935, became an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1939 and of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in 1944. In 1951, he was recognized as an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. Pavlovsky was a professor at the Military Medical Academy, heading the Department of Biology and Parasitology of this academy from 1921 to 1965, and also served as the director of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1942 to 1962. He was the president of the All-Union Entomological Society from 1931 to 1965 and the president of the Geographical Society of the USSR from 1952 to 1964. Pavlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the 2nd and 4th convocations.

Evgeny Nikanorovich distinguished himself as an outstanding scientist in the field of parasitology, specializing in helminthiases and the study of blood-sucking dipteran insects, such as gnats. He developed a theory on the natural focality of transmissible diseases in humans and first introduced the concept of 'natural focality' in 1938. Under his guidance, numerous comprehensive expeditions were conducted in the regions of Central Asia, the Caucasus, Crimea, the Far East, and other parts of the USSR to study endemic parasitic and transmissible diseases, such as tick-borne relapsing fever, tick-borne encephalitis, mosquito fever, leishmaniasis, and other diseases. He also described a species of argasid tick.