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Chambers, 17th Century

Фото 1
The chambers on Golutvinsky Lane are a monument whose study can shed light on the history of the lesser-known area of Moscow, Golutvinskaya Sloboda, located in the western part of Zamoskvorechye between the Moscow River and the route of Bolshaya Yakimanka, the beginning of the road to Kaluga. These chambers, an original example of Moscow construction, demonstrate elements of Northern European classicism. The windows are adorned with strict moldings, and traditional half-columns are replaced with moldings with panels, giving the facades a stern appearance. These features, along with the history of the area, allow for some assumptions about the creation of the chambers.

The history of Golutvinskaya Sloboda is studied significantly less than that of Kadashi or the streets of Pyatnitskaya and Bolshaya Ordynka. It is believed that the name of the sloboda comes from the word "golutva," meaning "clearing" of the forest. Golutvinskaya Sloboda is first mentioned in the spiritual charter of Grand Prince Ivan III in 1504. The center of the sloboda was the courtyard of the Kolomenskoye Golutvinsky Monastery, from which the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker has survived.

One of the features of the early history of this territory is associated with the Church of St. Maron "in Panyakh" on Bolshaya Yakimanka. St. Maron, who preached in Syria, was popular in the Roman Catholic Church, linking the area with an interesting feature of the early period of Zamoskvorechye when it was inhabited by non-Orthodox. The eastern Zamoskvorechye was populated by Muslims, the central part by translators, and the west was likely a settlement for immigrants from Catholic Europe. This is also indicated by the composition of the parish of the Church of St. Maron.

Remnants of the oldest Catholic cemetery in Moscow were discovered during the restoration of the territory of Danilov Monastery. It is likely that Golutvinskaya Sloboda was given significant importance. In the 17th century censuses, Bolshaya Golutvinskaya Street is mentioned, running parallel to Bolshaya Yakimanka, but overall, western Zamoskvorechye was marshy and sparsely populated. The current Arts Park was once the Crimean courtyard of the ambassadors of the Nogai Tatar Horde, which determined the name of the embankment and the neighboring bridge.

The sparse population of western Zamoskvorechye until 1812 may have contributed to the arrival of Old Believers Ryabushinsky and Tretyakov in 1824, marking the beginning of the industrial development of the area. The architectural features of the chambers indicate their creation in the first half of the 18th century, and the specifics of the area suggest that this is one of the early monuments of Old Believer Moscow, as Old Believers actively participated in Russian-European trade.

In February 2018, the Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow compiled a passport for the cultural heritage site "1st Golutvinsky Lane, Building 4. Chambers, 17th Century." A protective obligation for this site was approved by the order of the Department dated April 17, 2018, No. 303.

Geo point

Палаты, XVII в.

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