The chambers of A.F. Olisov, also known as Levin's House, are a monument of architecture and urban planning in the historic district of Zapochaine (Ilyinskaya Sloboda) in Nizhny Novgorod. Built in 1676, they, along with the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, form a unique architectural ensemble of the 17th century.
The Olisov family traces its history back to the 16th century. Zhdanko Olisov, a zemsky dyak, was compiling debt records for the residents of Nizhny Novgorod in 1572. In 1666, his descendant, Afanasy Olisov, became the head of the Nizhny Novgorod customs, and two years later began supplying bread to Moscow. In 1672, he traveled to Astrakhan, where he managed the tsar's salt and fish industries, remaining in this position for four years instead of the usual one year.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich entrusted Olisov with the supply of salt, fish, caviar, and other goods to the Kremlin's Grain Court. After the death of the tsar on January 29, 1676, and the ascension of his son Fyodor III Alexeyevich, Olisov was summoned to Moscow for explanations. Preparing for the trip, he gathered funds to bribe officials to avoid accusations of personal enrichment.
In Nizhny Novgorod, Olisov was in no hurry to go to Moscow, as the city was suffering from state levies. The townspeople asked him to become the zemsky starosta and convey the problems of the Nizhny Novgorod posad to the tsar. In Moscow, Olisov managed to win the tsar's favor, which allowed him to receive the highest merchant title and once again become the manager of the Astrakhan industries, while all debts from Nizhny Novgorod were lifted.
In 1676, stone chambers were erected near the Assumption Church, built with Olisov's funds, corresponding to his new status. The construction was overseen by his son, also named Afanasy. In 1915, it was believed that the chambers belonged to Mr. Levin, but it was later discovered that this was a mistake. In 1976, there was a discussion about whether Olisov could be considered the owner of the chambers. Architect S.L. Agafonov and local historian N. Filatov supported this version, and in 1999, Filatov was the first to name the stonemasons who built the chambers, Andrei and Mikhail Grigoryev.
The chambers originally had two floors, but a wooden floor was added above the stone part, as it was believed that living in brick buildings was harmful. No data about the wooden part has survived, so it was not restored. Presumably, the building had a high roof with ridges, and the facade was decorated with tiles.
The first floor was service-oriented, with storerooms, kitchens, and a clerk's room, and had few windows, which were closed with shutters. Only one corner room had two windows with pointed arches. The windows of the second floor were also adorned with pointed arches, forming a carpet-like frieze.
From the square of the Assumption Church, a grand staircase with a unique portal led to the second floor. The layout of the building was rational: on either side of the corridor were residential rooms, a hall, and an isolated room. The hall ended with an exit to the balcony. A warm toilet was attached to the hall, and near the entrance, there was a stone staircase leading to the wooden part of the chambers.
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