Kshesinskaya's mansion, an architectural monument in the Art Nouveau style, is located in St. Petersburg. It was built in 1904-1906 according to the design of architect A. I. von Hagen for ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya, with architect A. I. Dmitriev participating in the interior design.

This mansion is a classic example of northern Art Nouveau, distinguished by its asymmetric plan and composition of varying heights. The diversity of window sizes corresponds to the layout of the rooms. The building's design features contrasting finishing materials: red and gray granite, facing bricks, and majolica tiles, as well as decorative metal.

The main facade of the mansion faces Kronverksky Avenue, but there was no entrance from the street. One had to pass through the gates into a small courtyard and then ascend the grand staircase to the hall, which connected to the mansion's rooms. The ground floor housed service rooms, the first floor had halls and living rooms for receptions, evenings, and balls, while the second floor contained bedrooms, children's rooms, a bathroom, a dressing room, and other living spaces. The internal space of the first floor is organized in the form of a suite with a glazed winter garden. The interiors of the mansion were also designed in the Art Nouveau style, but during the Soviet era, they were lost and partially restored since the mid-1980s.

During the February Revolution, Kshesinskaya hurriedly left the mansion with her son Vladimir. The vacant building was occupied by soldiers from the reserve armored division workshops, as well as the Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP(b), its military organization, the Central Committee of the RSDLP(b), the Pravda newspaper expedition, and the editorial office of the Soldiers' Truth newspaper. From April to July 1917, V. I. Lenin worked and delivered speeches from the balcony, and the house became, as Petrograd newspapers wrote, the "main headquarters of the Leninists."

Kshesinskaya tried to reclaim her property by writing to the prosecutor of the Petrograd Court Chamber, requesting the house be freed from outsiders and investigating the looting of her belongings.

In May, a court ruled to evict all revolutionary organizations from Kshesinskaya's mansion within 20 days. Some committees moved out, but the party's military organization refused to comply with the court's decision. Legal battles continued, and in 1920, Kshesinskaya emigrated to France. The eviction of the unexpected guests from the house is dedicated to a memoir by judge Mikhail Gavrilovich Chistoserdov, titled "Eviction of the Bolsheviks from Kshesinskaya's Mansion," which is kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation.

After the October Revolution until 1938, the mansion housed institutions of the Petrosoviet, the Institute of Public Catering, and the Leningrad branch of the Society of Old Bolsheviks. Later, it became the museum of S. M. Kirov. From 1957, the mansion housed the State Museum of the Great October Socialist Revolution. After 1991, it became the Museum of Political History of Russia.