The Armory Chamber, a treasure museum, is located in a building constructed in 1851 by architect Konstantin Ton. Its collection is primarily composed of precious items that have been stored for centuries in the royal treasury and the patriarchal sacristy, created in the Kremlin workshops, as well as gifts from foreign embassies. The Armory Chamber was granted museum status in 1806 by the decree of Emperor Alexander I. The name of the museum is associated with one of the oldest Kremlin storages.

The Armory Chamber houses ancient state regalia, ceremonial royal garments and coronation dresses, vestments of the hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church, the largest collection of gold and silver items by Russian masters, Western European artistic silver, monuments of weaponry art, a collection of carriages, and items of ceremonial horse adornment.

The museum features about four thousand monuments of decorative and applied arts from Russia, Europe, and the East, spanning from the 4th century to the early 20th century. Their high artistic level and special historical and cultural value have brought the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin worldwide fame.