The ensemble of buildings of the Guardian Council on Solyanka, one of the best examples of Moscow Empire style, was constructed between 1823 and 1826 based on the designs of architects Domenico Giliardi and A.G. Grigoriev.

The Guardian Council was established in 1763 to manage charitable institutions of the Russian Empire, primarily the Educational Homes in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The building of the Moscow council was built next to the Educational Home. Initially, there were two Councils, in St. Petersburg and Moscow. From 1797, they were under the patronage of Empress Maria Feodorovna, wife of Paul I. In 1828, both councils were transferred to the IV Department of His Imperial Majesty's Chancellery, later renamed the Office of Institutions of Empress Maria. In 1873, both Guardian Councils and the Main Council of Women's Educational Institutions were merged into a single executive body, the Guardian Council of Institutions of Empress Maria. The Council managed not only the Educational Homes, orphanages, and hospitals but also handled finances, including the Loan Fund, Savings Fund, and Widow's Treasury. After the February Revolution of 1917, the council's affairs were transferred to the newly created Ministry of State Welfare, which was abolished after the Bolsheviks came to power.

In the early years of Soviet power, the Moscow Guardian Council building housed the House of Labor, and in 1944 it was transferred to the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Currently, the building belongs to the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Originally, the ensemble included the main house and two symmetrically located wings facing the street Solyanka. Between the house and the wings was a fence with grand gates adorned with lion figures. At the back of the courtyard were utility buildings. In the 1840s, architect M.D. Bykovsky connected the main house with the side wings and partially altered the architecture of the facades and interiors.

The main facade of the building is distinguished by an eight-column portico of the Ionic order, supported by an arcade. A grand staircase, previously adorned with sculptures lost during reconstruction, leads to the portico. The building is topped with a dome featuring semicircular windows decorated with bas-reliefs depicting soaring glories. On the facade wall behind the portico's colonnade is a frieze depicting playing children, crafted by master I.P. Vitali.

The interiors of the building are characterized by conciseness and sophistication, creating a solemn image of a significant institution. The main hall, the meeting room, is covered by a high cylindrical vault and decorated with paintings by artist P. Ruggio. All rooms in the central part of the building are covered with stone vaults to protect the funds and securities stored here from fire.

In the 2000s, the building's facades were restored, the stucco decor, the coat of arms with a double-headed eagle, the bas-reliefs on the dome, and the inscription "Guardian Council" were restored.