The Oboyansk Local History Museum was established by the decision of the district executive committee. Its exhibition showcases the history of the Oboyan land, from the 17th century to the present day. Here you can see materials about the founding of the city of Oboyan, which was established to protect the southern borders of the Russian state from nomads from the Wild Field. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the city actively developed as a merchant center, during which majestic churches were built: the Holy Trinity (1908), Alexander Nevsky (1905), and the oldest church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God (1790).

Many outstanding and talented individuals are connected to Oboyan, such as academician V. V. Petrov, the founder of Russian electrical engineering, the famous Russian actor M. S. Shchepkin, and the Bolshoi Theatre artist G. M. Nelep.

The museum has an exhibition hall where local artists, masters of decorative and applied arts, and private collectors regularly hold exhibitions.