The new Vyborg Cathedral was built from 1891 to 1893 according to the design of architect Eduard Dippel for the city parish of Vyborg. The church was consecrated on December 3, 1893, and in 1925 it became a cathedral.

The cathedral was a majestic three-nave structure in the neo-Gothic style, capable of accommodating 1,800 parishioners. It was oriented from east to west, with a tall bell tower rising from the western side. In 1895, a 45-register organ was installed in the cathedral, which was replaced in 1929 by a larger instrument with 76 registers, considered one of the largest in Northern Europe.

In front of the church, a monument to Mikael Agricola was erected in 1908, initiated by the Finnish Literary Society. Fundraising began as early as 1860, but the project was only realized in 1901. The monument was unveiled on June 21, 1908, in front of the new Lutheran church, which later became the New Cathedral of Vyborg.

The building suffered greatly during the Soviet-Finnish War (1939, 1940) and World War II. In the winter of 1939, during the Soviet-Finnish War, the apse of the cathedral was damaged due to bombing by Soviet aviation. In 1940, after the city was handed over to the USSR, the Leningrad commission for the protection of monuments included the cathedral in the list of valuable architectural objects, but it was not restored. During World War II, the building suffered even greater destruction from bombing by Soviet aviation. In 1953, the walls of the church were blown up under the pretext of constructing a new building for the Vyborg Theater, which was never built.