The Novozybkov Local History Museum was founded in 1967 thanks to the efforts of the well-known local historian V. E. Svistunov on a voluntary basis. In 1978, it received the status of a state institution and became a branch of the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore. The museum is located in a two-story wooden building built in 1902, with an area of 260 square meters. The building is situated in a park area and features interesting architecture with two domes on the roof. According to the memories of locals, until 1910, there was a Tatar school here, followed by the reception room of the zemstvo hospital. In the 1940s, the district committee of the Komsomol and the district House of Pioneers were located here. During the Great Patriotic War, a training point for nurses operated here. In 1967, the lower floor of the building was transferred to the museum, and in 1974, the entire building. Previously, a wooden porch led to the entrance, which was replaced with a brick one.

Over the years, the museum has gathered rich collections, including unique exhibits. Among them are the "Reports of the Zemstvo Administration" from 1865 to 1912, the "Herald of the Novozybkov Zemstvo" from 1912 to 1916, personal belongings of musician P.E. Churikov and photo documents of actor N.K. Svobodina Pechkina, a map of Novozybkov from 1865, records of historian F.F. Bai-Balaev, household items from the 19th and 20th centuries, weapons from the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War, and much more. The collection of the Radishchev state farm, the first virgin land state farm in the district and one of the first in the Saratov region, tells about virgin and fallow lands in the post-war years.

Initially, the museum occupied only the lower floor of the building, but in 1980, becoming a branch of the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore, it received the entire building. The museum's funds, which number about 8,000 storage units, are constantly replenished with new exhibits, documents, household items, and paintings by local artists donated by residents of the city and district.

Today, the museum has a rich collection of antiques and historical documents. Exhibitions dedicated to the ancient history of the region, archaeological excavations, pre-revolutionary Novozybkov, the Civil War, collectivization, and the Great Patriotic War are open to visitors. The main fund of the museum includes numismatic items such as orders and medals from the Great Patriotic War, commemorative medals, and coins from the Russian monetary system. The fund also features documents, certificates, honorary diplomas, and photo documents, with a significant portion consisting of ethnographic items.

The museum's exhibition consists of 8 thematic halls, including sections on archaeology and nature, where items from the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore are displayed. The natural science collection introduces visitors to the natural features and wildlife of the steppe Volga region. The historical part of the exhibition tells about the ancient history of the region, medieval nomads, the economy and life of peasants in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the revolutionary past of Novozybkov, the Civil War, local heroes, participants in the Great Patriotic War, rear workers, and participants in modern local conflicts.

The museum has an exhibition hall with regularly updated displays. One of the latest exhibitions is "Christianity Through the Centuries." Local history quizzes and district conferences are held for high school students. Museum staff actively participate in city events and district folklore festivals. The museum is popular among residents and attracts interest from visitors to the city.