The Matveevsky Museum began its work in 1967 based on Matveevskaya Secondary School under the leadership of Klavdiya Andreevna Bannikova. Thanks to her efforts, a significant number of museum exhibits and local history information were collected. Over time, the school classrooms could no longer accommodate all the exhibits, and Klavdiya Andreevna appealed to the district executive committee with a request to open a historical and local history museum.

On November 13, 1992, the museum was officially opened, featuring permanent exhibitions dedicated to the history of the development of the Matveevsky District. The first director of the museum was Alexander Vasilyevich Solodovnikov.

Today, the museum performs important sociocultural functions: preserving, researching, exhibiting, and popularizing cultural and artistic heritage, as well as works of art from its own and other museum collections. The museum's collection includes over 10,000 exhibits, including rich archaeological, historical, and ethnographic collections. A unique collection of ceramic dishes from the late 19th century holds a special place. The museum's largest collection is numismatic, containing over 4,000 items.