The second church of the monastery, located above the western gates and dedicated to St. Barbara, was built in 1870. It faced the Kazan church and opened onto the middle of Monastery Street, now Furmanova. This was the main entrance to the women's monastery. The architecture of the church of St. Barbara was unique for Ryazan. It was combined with a square tier of the bell tower and topped with a dome featuring an Orthodox cross. Until 1917, the church towered over the northern part of the city and was visible from the 'Astrakhan' side, the Kremlin earthen rampart on the 'Moscow' side of Ryazan, and from the flood meadows near the drawbridge over the Oka River. In 1872, a single-tier bell tower was erected above the church. Services in the temple were conducted only in the summer.

Today, the church of St. Barbara with the bell tower is used as a residential building on Furmanova Street. For those who do not know its history, the house stands out with its unusual proportions.

The bell tower housed 10 ancient bells, specially made for the Kazan women's monastery. Among them were large bells named 'Festive', 'Sunday', 'Polyelai', 'Weekday', as well as named bells with commemorative inscriptions. The main 'Festive' bell weighed 414 poods. It bore the inscription: 'By the blessing of His Grace Alexius, Archbishop of Ryazan, and the care of Abbess Evgenia, this bell was cast for the glory of God, in the Ryazan Kazan Epiphany Monastery on January 31, 1875, in Moscow, at the factory of honorary citizen Dmitry Nikolaevich Samgin. Weight 414 poods 30 pounds.'

The Polyelai bell also featured images of saints and a commemorative inscription: 'For the glory of God, this bell was cast in the city of Ryazan, in the holy Kazan Epiphany convent on donations from benefactors, under the abbess Catherine, by the blessing of the Ryazan Archbishop Gabriel in 1851 on May 10 in Moscow, at the factory of honorary citizen Dmitry Nikolaevich Samgin. Weight 210 poods 35 pounds.'