The RFNC-VNIITF Museum, the first nuclear weapons museum in Russia, houses authentic samples of well-known products, starting from the first Soviet atomic bomb of 1949 and ending with modern scientific and technical developments.

The museum's permanent exhibition tells the history of Sarov and the Sarov Monastery, as well as the creation of the first nuclear center. Here, one can see nuclear weapons of the USSR, materials on test site trials, a testing complex, computing technology, and experimental setups. The museum features models of unique testing installations and equipment developed and assembled at the institute, covering key scientific and technological areas of RFNC-VNIITF's activities. In total, the museum's collections include over 200 exhibits and more than 1,500 documents.

The museum has an extensive archive of photo and video materials dedicated to the history of RFNC-VNIITF.

In 2015, ten exhibits were granted the status of a Monument of Science and Technology by the decision of the XXIV expert council of the Polytechnic Museum and the Association of Scientific and Technical Museums of the Russian Committee of the International Council of Museums.

The uniqueness of the museum's organization lies in the fact that the history of RFNC-VNIITF is presented through archival documents, historical photographs and video materials, personal belongings, and quotes from participants in the atomic project.

The museum's educational programs include overview and thematic tours, open lessons, and lectures about outstanding individuals and events at RFNC-VNIITF, as well as creative evenings for Science Day. The museum staff actively engages in scientific research and educational activities aimed at preserving and popularizing the history of the nuclear center and the atomic industry, participating in regional and nationwide exhibitions and industry conferences.