Academician I.P. Pavlov, an outstanding physiologist and classic of natural science, was an honorary member of 132 academies and scientific societies, as well as an honorary doctor of the University of Cambridge. He became the first Russian Nobel Prize laureate in 1904 and was recognized as the elder among physiologists worldwide.

For over sixty years, Pavlov developed the "science of joyful life," as he called physiology. His name is associated with significant discoveries in the physiology of circulation, digestion, and higher nervous activity.

On the 85th anniversary of Pavlov's birth, on September 23, 1934, Kurganskaya Street was renamed Pavlov Street. However, on July 31, 1964, Pavlov Street became Mayakovsky Street, and K. Marx Street (formerly Nikolskaya) was renamed Academician Pavlov Street.

During the Great Patriotic War, on June 2, 1944, the Council of People's Commissars made the decision to create a museum in the scientist's homeland. The I.P. Pavlov Museum opened on March 6, 1946, on the tenth anniversary of his death, during a field joint session of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR.

In 1968, the second estate house, built in 1888 by the scientist's father, Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov, came under the museum's management. In 1974, on the 125th anniversary of Pavlov's birth, a scientific exhibition dedicated to his discoveries in physiology was ceremoniously opened in this house, which was named the House of Science.

On November 30, 1993, the museum was granted the status of "Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlov." In 2007, an administrative building was added to the museum, where the Scientific Center for the Preservation and Promotion of Pavlov's Heritage now operates, conducting scientific conferences and seminars.

In 2009, the museum became a diploma winner of the National Tourism Award named after Yu. Senkevich in the nomination "Best Regional Museum." On June 12, 2010, the updated scientific exhibition was opened in the House of Science. The six halls of the museum not only showcase Pavlov's discoveries but also shape the image of the scientist as a citizen of the world.