The Museum of County Medicine named after V. M. Bekhterev is dedicated to the history of medical development in Russia, using the Elabuga district as an example. It was opened on June 29, 2007, in the building of the former zemstvo hospital in Elabuga, constructed in the late 19th century by merchant A. Baranov, and is part of the Elabuga Museum-Reserve.

The museum was established in honor of the 150th anniversary of the birth of the renowned scientist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, a native of the Elabuga district. The complex includes a monument, a museum, and a park named after him.

The museum is located in a wooden one-story building that previously housed the surgical department of the hospital built by merchant Baranov in 1881.

The exhibition consists of five halls that tell the story of the emergence of medicine as a science, the development of healthcare in the Elabuga district, and in the city during the 20th century. Here, visitors can see the interiors of Muslim and Christian houses, the office of the county doctor, a ward for the mentally ill, and a pharmacy.

One of the halls is dedicated to the life and work of Vladimir Bekhterev, where his study from the time he worked in Kazan has been recreated. This hall features books, documents, and photographs from the scientist's family archive, passed down by his descendants.

In the interactive hall, formerly an operating room, unique tiles produced at the factory of Elabuga industrialist Pyotr Ushkov have been preserved. Here, visitors can measure their height, weight, blood pressure, check their vision, and fill out a health questionnaire.

The museum's exhibition is complemented by a gallery of portraits of distinguished workers of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan.