The Museum of Writers from Oryol is dedicated to the classics of Russian literature born in the Oryol region and is part of the Oryol State Literary Museum of I. S. Turgenev.

The museum building is one of the few preserved ancient noble mansions, built in the mid-19th century according to the design of architect I. F. Thibo-Brignol. It is located at the intersection of Georgievskaya Street (now Turgeneva) and Sadovaya Street (now Gorkogo) and has belonged to various owners over time. Initially, it was the estate of Matsneva, then the house of nobleman Kolkovsky, merchant Baikovsky, and finally, Vice-Governor N. P. Galakhov and his wife Olga Vasilievna, who was a niece of A. A. Fet and a relative of I. S. Turgenev. Because of this, she inherited their belongings, which she placed in her home. After the revolution, the Galakhov house along with the belongings of the poet and writer was nationalized and became a museum.

On November 24, 1918, the former Galakhov house at Sadovaya, 10 opened as the I. S. Turgenev Museum-Library and the "Writer's Room of A. A. Fet." This room became the basis for the creation of the Museum of Writers from Oryol, where everything related to the writers and poets of the Oryol province was collected. The accumulated materials allowed the museum to open on January 2, 1957, on 7 November Street (formerly Vvedenskaya) in the house where historian T. N. Granovsky was born. In 1976, Turgenev's furniture was moved to the restored estate of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. In 1977, the museum relocated to the halls of the Galakhov house, where exhibitions dedicated to A. A. Fet, I. A. Bunin, L. N. Andreyev, M. M. Prishvin, I. A. Novikov, B. K. Zaytsev, and E. A. Blaginin were held. In 1991, L. N. Andreyev and I. A. Bunin acquired their house-museums, while N. S. Leskov did so back in 1974. The museum has evolved from the "Fet Writer's Room" to a well-known museum of the classics of Russian literature.

In 2008, the museum was closed for reconstruction, which only began in 2014 due to a lack of funding. In July 2016, the museum reopened.