The museum 'Meteorological Station of Simbirsk' opened in September 1998 and is the only museum in Russia dedicated to a scientific meteorological station. It features a complex of the station with instruments and historical documents. The museum is located in a memorial building, in the house of Alexander Petrovich Yazykov on L. Tolstoy Street, 67, where the first meteorological station in Simbirsk was opened in 1876 at the initiative of physician Pavel Mikhailovich Kozakevich.

The museum's exhibition highlights the history of meteorological observations in Russia and Simbirsk, telling about outstanding climatologists. It houses unique books on medicine and meteorology, instructions for meteorological stations, as well as a collection of meteorological instruments from the 19th century. A meteorological platform has been recreated here, where observations continue and meteorology lessons are conducted. By flipping through the meteorological observation tables filled out by physician P.M. Kozakevich, one can immerse in the past and learn what the weather was like then, the significance of weather observations at that time and now, as well as what unusual natural phenomena were observed in Simbirsk over 100 years ago.

After a major re-exhibition in 2011, the museum was enriched with items from the collections of the Museum-Reserve 'Homeland of V.I. Lenin'. For the first time, it tells about the contributions of Peter I, M.V. Lomonosov, and D.I. Mendeleev to the development of domestic meteorology. The work of Academician G.I. Wild and climatologist A.I. Voeykov is presented in detail. Visitors can familiarize themselves with the works of scientists through interactive models. An important addition is a section revealing the work of meteorological stations in the Simbirsk province at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The collection of instruments has been supplemented with thermographs, hygrometers, thermometers, and barometers. The lecture hall features an exhibition 'Extraordinary Celestial Phenomena' with photographs of clouds, lightning, rainbows, sunsets, and auroras. New video equipment allows for the demonstration of films and presentations on various topics.

Since 2001, a mini-planetarium has been operating in a separate hall of the museum, showcasing the starry sky, planets, and celestial phenomena. It is the only planetarium in the Ulyanovsk region, part of the Association of Planetariums of Russia and the International Planetarium Society. The planetarium's exhibition includes globes of the Earth, Moon, Mars, the starry sky, a tellurium, a model of the planetary system, a moving star map, a viewing tube, and a telescope. The interiors are decorated with photographs of nebulae and star clusters, as well as images of zodiac constellations from a 17th-century atlas by Jan Hevelius. A unique exhibit is the Sikhote-Alin iron meteorite weighing about 6.5 kg.