The M. M. Bakhtin Museum is dedicated to Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, a renowned Russian philosopher, cultural theorist, and theorist of European culture and art, who lived from 1895 to 1975.

On September 20, 2005, in Oryol, as part of the World Congress of Bakhtin Scholars, the first museum in the world dedicated to M. M. Bakhtin, an outstanding thinker of the 20th century, was opened on Gorky Street.

The museum is located in a building erected on the site of the former estate of the philosopher's father, Mikhail Nikolaevich Bakhtin. Oryol was Bakhtin's childhood city, where he spent 11 years. The museum's exhibition highlights his childhood years, education in Vilna (now Vilnius), Odessa, and Petersburg, as well as the beginning of his work in Nevel, where he taught history and sociology at the Unified Labor School. The museum features personal belongings, photographic portraits created by A. L. Less, portraits of friends, books, materials about his exile and life in Kazakhstan. The museum also showcases works by contemporary artists. Here, the International Scientific and Educational Center of M. M. Bakhtin operates. Musical-literary evenings and lectures conducted by art historians and philosophers take place in the museum's halls.