In 2008, when the museum opened its doors, collections from the A. A. Shtukenberg Geological Museum of Kazan Federal University were placed in its halls. Over time, the exhibition was supplemented with findings from various expeditions.

Today, the permanent exhibition occupies 12 halls on two floors of the museum. Here, one can unveil the mysteries of the Universe and its history, as well as learn about the mineral resources of the Republic of Tatarstan. The Natural History Museum of Tatarstan features a collection of minerals, meteorite samples, and a model of a mud volcano in action. Visitors can see a collection of the first living organisms on Earth, ancient marine invertebrates. Exhibits include the shells of extinct trilobites and ammonites, fossilized tree trunks, and leaf imprints. Skeletons of woolly rhinoceroses, dinosaurs, cave bears, and other animals complement the representation of the ancient world.

The museum offers interactive entertainment and play exhibits that make it easier to absorb information. You can use a device with cosmic scales to find out your weight on different planets, observe planets and constellations through a telescope, participate in paleontological excavations, feed ancient fish in a prehistoric aquarium, stroll with a chubby lizard, assemble dinosaur puzzles, and try magical arm wrestling.

The museum also hosts scientific educational shows, quests, and creative workshops. Visitors are invited to laboratories and open rooms where they can study various objects under a microscope.