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Savva Timofeevich Morozov

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Savva Timofeevich Morozov (February 3 (15), 1862 - May 13 (26), 1905) was a well-known textile manufacturer and manufacturing advisor, as well as a major patron and member of the board of the Moscow Art Theatre.

He was born in 1862 in the village of Zuevo, Bogorodsky District, Moscow Province. Savva was the grandson of the founder of the Morozov dynasty, Savva Vasilyevich Morozov, and the son of Timofey Savvich Morozov, the founder of the Nikolskaya cotton mill and an Old Believer, and Maria Fedorovna Simonova. He received his primary education at the 4th Moscow Gymnasium and then continued his studies in the natural sciences department of the physics and mathematics faculty of Moscow University, graduating in 1885. Later, he studied chemistry at Cambridge in England but returned to Russia to lead the family business.

Upon his return, Savva Timofeevich headed the Nikolskaya mill. He was also the director of the Three Hills Brewery in Moscow, chaired the Nizhny Novgorod Fair committee, and was a member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufacturing. For his work, he was awarded the Orders of Saint Anna of the 3rd and 2nd class.

Morozov was one of the main patrons of the Moscow Art Theatre. Stanislavsky noted his important role in the theatre as a patron who not only donated funds but also served the arts with dedication and without personal gain.

Savva Timofeevich was married to Zinaida Grigoryevna Zimina, the daughter of a second-guild merchant from Bogorodsk. Prior to this, she had been married to Morozov's cousin, Sergey Vikulovich Morozov. Their romance caused much scandal and protests within the family, as divorce and marrying a divorced woman were considered sins in the Old Believer community. However, Morozov insisted, and the wedding took place. He built a luxurious house for his wife on Spiridonovka. They had four children: Maria, Elena, Timofey, and Savva.

Morozov actively supported revolutionary forces in Russia, financing the publication of "Iskra," illegally transporting typesetting fonts, and providing financial assistance to revolutionaries. He was a close friend of Maxim Gorky. However, by the end of his life, he tried to sever ties with the Bolsheviks, reevaluating his political views.

In 1898, Morozov met the actress of the Moscow Art Theatre, Maria Fedorovna Zhelyabuzhskaya, known by her stage name Andreeva. This infatuation ended tragically for him when, in 1904, Andreeva became the common-law wife of Gorky.

In 1905, Savva Timofeevich was experiencing a deep emotional crisis, and rumors of his madness circulated in Moscow. His family sent him to France, where on May 13, 1905, he was found dead in a hotel room in Cannes. It is officially believed that he committed suicide. There are two versions: either he took his own life due to pressure from the Bolsheviks or he was killed by them. His body was transported to Moscow and buried at the Rogozhskoye Cemetery. In Moscow, however, rumors circulated that the coffin was empty and that Morozov was alive and hiding in Russia.

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