Saint Panteleimon Monastery on Mount Athos, also known as Rossikon or New Russikon, is one of the 20 "ruling" monasteries on the Holy Mountain of Athos in Greece. Although it is traditionally considered "Russian," it actually became so only in the last quarter of the 19th century when it came under the control of the Russian Church and the government of Russia, which lasted until the beginning of World War I.

Like all other monasteries on Athos, it is a patriarchal stavropegion and is subordinate to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. According to the Statute Charter of the Holy Mountain adopted in 1924, monks are required to take Greek citizenship, which is granted automatically upon entering the monastery. In the hierarchy of the Athonite monasteries, it ranks 19th.

In the 1910s, the monastery became the center of fierce theological disputes among Russian monks regarding Imiaslavie. In 1913, after the intervention of the Russian government, the monastery was stormed by Russian troops. Monks who supported Imiaslavie were deported to Russia on the ship "Kherson," with a total of 621 monks evacuated, of which 418 were from the Panteleimon Monastery.

Due to the policies of the Patriarchate of Constantinople aimed at displacing Russian monks and restrictions on the arrival of Soviet citizens in Greece, by the early 1970s, only 13 monks remained in the monastery. In a letter to Patriarch Pimen of Moscow dated September 9, 1972, schemamonk Gabriel (Legach) wrote about the difficult situation of the monastery due to the declining number of brethren: "Over time, the number decreases, the elderly die out, and there is no replenishment, leading to despondency and hopelessness. We hope that the Russian Church will take measures to preserve this Russian corner with its shrines for the comfort of every believing Russian person."