In 1849, the construction of a large three-story building began in Kursk behind the Moscow Gates, designed by architect G. A. Grigoriev. It was intended for prisoner battalions. Contractor N. Sveshnikov completed the construction of the prison building with two wings by 1851. The main facade of the building, executed in a strict style, faced the Desyato-Pyatnitskaya Square and the main street of the city, Moskovskaya.

On the first floor of the main building, there was a guard room, two solitary cells, a bakery, a kitchen, and a storage room. The second floor was allocated for the prison's administrative offices, while the third floor housed the prisoners' cells. At the end of the 19th century, a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas was consecrated here. A hospital with a pharmacy also operated at the prison.

In the early 20th century, a fourth floor was added to the building, allowing for an increase in the number of prisoners. The prison was often overcrowded, holding up to 500 people, mainly peasants and workers, although it was originally designed for 200.

After the October Revolution, a state correctional prison (GIT) was established here. In 1928, an estimate was developed for the repair of the correctional facility, but after the abolition of the Kursk province, the GIT was liquidated.

In the early 1930s, a factory and plant school was placed in the former prison building, but in 1935 it was transferred to a medical institute.

In 1936, the construction of a new building for the medical institute began on the former Desyato-Pyatnitskaya Square, renamed Vuzovskaya. The project was developed by Moscow architects L. M. Bulkovshtein and Melnikov. 3.5 million rubles were allocated for construction. The central part of the building was quickly put into operation. It was adorned with a powerful parapet with paired columns and a large portal. In 1937, the left wing was built, and in 1938, the right wing. The building, with rounded facade corners, extended from the square along Yamskaya Gora Street (now Perekalsky Street) and Karl Marx Street.

The institute quickly equipped classrooms and laboratories, and by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, it had 32 departments and a rich library.

During the occupation, the building was used by the Germans as a field hospital. In their retreat, they did not manage to destroy the institute building, only demolishing the auxiliary premises and the boiler room. Later, a German bomb completely destroyed the left wing of the building.

In September 1943, a group of professors, including A.V. Rudchenko and M.G. Ruditsky, was sent by the Ministry of Health to restore the Kursk Medical Institute.

In the 1950s, the building was reconstructed according to the project of architect A. G. Shuklin. The central facade was adorned with a pediment supported by three-quarter Corinthian columns. The main entrance was decorated with a four-column portico, above which were bas-reliefs of famous scientists. The central part of the pediment was adorned with the coat of arms of the RSFSR, framed by banners. The side columns supported a cornice with a parapet and decorative obelisks.

Currently, the building houses a medical university.