The Nativity of the Mother of God Stavropegic Convent was founded by Princess Maria Ivanovna Serpukhova, known in the schema as Martha. She was the mother of Prince Vladimir Andreyevich the Brave, a hero of the Battle of Kulikovo. The convent was conceived as a spiritual monument to the victory at Kulikovo Field, which took place on September 8, 1380, the feast day of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God. According to the Russian Chronicle (Nikon's list), the convent was established in 1386.

The convent is located in the center of Moscow on Rozhdestvenka Street, which used to be a road along the banks of the Neglinnaya River. It stands on a site known in ancient times as Kuchkovo Field. This territory is believed to have belonged to the Serpukhov princes, who owned a significant part of Moscow. Princess Maria and Prince Vladimir were spiritual disciples of St. Sergius, who became the first spiritual father of the convent. The first sisters of the monastery were widows and orphans of warriors who perished in the Battle of Kulikovo. The convent was built at the behest of Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, with the participation of Grand Duchess Evdokia of Moscow and the wife of Prince Vladimir the Brave, Elena Olgerdovna, known in monasticism as Eupraxia.

The three-tiered bell tower with the church of St. Eugenios of Chersonesus, designed by architect N.I. Kozlovsky, was built in the classical style in 1835-1836 at the site of the central entrance to the convent. The main entrance, the Holy Gates, was created in its lower tier. Beneath the bell tower is a vaulted basement. The gate church has a rounded shape and a preserved superstructure (choir), as well as a colonnade, of which only traces remain on the sides of the solea.

The restoration of the bell tower was carried out in stages. In 2015, work was completed on the lower tier of the main facade. In 2017, the brickwork of the facades not included in the first stage of restoration was plastered, and repair and restoration work was conducted, including architectural stucco decor, a white stone base, and a drainage system.

In 2017, the bell tower of the Nativity Convent ensemble was awarded a prize at the Moscow Government's "Moscow Restoration" competition in the nomination "Best Organization of Repair and Restoration Work."