According to archival data, on August 7, 1858, Maria Dmitrievna Rudneva, the wife of a court councilor, sold a plot of land in Oryol to military chaplain Father Benitus Lipen for 275 rubles. This plot, located within the territory of the Orthodox parish of Saint Paul the Confessor, at the intersection of Sadovaya and Vvedenskaya streets (now Gorky and November 7 streets), was sold for 275 rubles.

In November of the following year, Catholics submitted a request for permission to build a stone church, and the provincial construction and road company granted consent. Among the parishioners, 5028 rubles and 91 kopecks were collected. A temporary wooden chapel was built first, and on September 21, 1861, the project for the stone church was approved in its place. Construction was completed in 1864, and services began.

The church was an elongated rectangle without a distinct altar section, designed in the pseudo-Gothic style typical of the third quarter of the 19th century. The facade was adorned with two polygonal towers, while a third tower with a tall spire crowned the roof. The main entrance was highlighted by a deep niche with a pointed arch, above the semicircular portal was a rose window. The side walls were divided by seven pointed windows. In 1909, a sacristy was added to the rear of the building.

The interior space of the church featured a vaulted ceiling, and the walls were decorated with flat pilasters. The main element of the interior was an ornate pseudo-Gothic main altar with a five-part arch and statues of saints in niches. The mensa of the altar was adorned with an image of the Last Supper. On either side of the altar were niches, one of which led to the sacristy. Along the side walls of the presbytery were two additional altars, smaller copies of the main one. To the left was a pulpit for sermons with a richly decorated canopy. Above the entrance to the church, a choir was arranged.

In 1925, according to new legislation, the Roman Catholic parish was registered with local authorities. Father Jan Pavlovich became the rector. The church building was transferred for indefinite use to the parish of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, but in January 1930, free use was revoked, and rent was introduced, which the community paid until January 1, 1938.

In 1931, rector Jan Pavlovich and organist Sofia Romanovskaya were arrested. The priest was sentenced to death, which was commuted to 10 years in prison. Soon, Father Alexander Kuchinsky was also arrested and executed. A total of 74 parishioners were repressed, of whom 6 were shot.

On April 5, 1938, the church was closed by the decision of the organizing committee of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for the Oryol region and transferred to the sports society 'Dynamo.' During the Great Patriotic War, the building suffered minor damage. In the early 1950s, it was transferred to the 'Prodmash' factory, which significantly rebuilt the facades and interiors: the building was divided into two floors, high windows were bricked up, the spires of the towers and the central tower were demolished, and a balcony was arranged above the entrance.

In the 1990s, the Catholic community in Oryol was restored. In 1993, the building of the former Catholic church was placed under state protection as an architectural monument. In 1998, the building was transferred to the Roman Catholic parish, but this decision was soon revoked.

In 2002, the community purchased a plot on Kirpichnaya Street for the construction of a new church. In 2004, a house for the priest, a chapel, and a hall for classes were built. The parish center opened on August 29, and on July 3, 2005, it was consecrated by Metropolitan Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz in the name of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.