The Kamyshlov Local History Museum opened on May 1, 1920, with Alexander Andreevich Naumov as its first director. The museum was a source of pride for the city, but in the 1950s it was closed as a non-profitable institution.

The museum reopened in 1974 thanks to the initiative of Antonina Mikhailovna Belous. In the 1980s, it was awarded the title of "people's" for its significant contribution to the development of museum affairs and patriotic education of youth. In 1990, the museum became municipal and received state status.

Since 2001, the museum has been located at: Gagarin St., 9, in a building constructed in 1914 by architect and builder Alexander Grigoryevich Falaleev.

The museum features permanent exhibitions: "Nature of Our Region," "Life Lasts Longer Than a Century," furniture, dishes, clothing of Kamyshlov merchants, "Life and Everyday Life of Peasants of Kamyshlov District," "White Stone Architecture of Kamyshlov District," "And the World Remembers the Saved," dedicated to Kamyshlov residents during the Great Patriotic War, as well as "Time Chose Us," telling about internationalist soldiers who participated in the wars in Afghanistan and Chechnya.