At the diocesan assembly of the clergy of the Kamchatka diocese on August 9, 1999, it was decided to build a cathedral, and the project by architect Oleg Lukomskiy was approved. Construction began in September 2001. In June 2002, on the day of the Holy Trinity, a steel capsule containing the relics of saints Anthony, Eustathius, and John, as well as a foundation document, was laid at the base of the church. The main construction work was completed by September 2010. Masters of icon painting from Volgodonsk and Sergiev Posad were invited for the cathedral's frescoes, under the guidance of Alexander Tanichev, a member of the Union of Artists of Russia. The frescoes were done in the ancient Russian style using mineral paints, ensuring the durability of the artworks. About 200 biblical and evangelical figures were depicted in total. The iconography was handled by architect and icon painter Igor Myasnikov. On September 19, 2010, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia consecrated the cathedral, presenting an icon of Saint Matrona of Moscow and a part of her relics. In 2015, the chapel of Artemiy Verkolskiy was consecrated.

According to the project, the lower part of the church will become a concert hall. There are plans for frescoes depicting scenes from the history of Orthodoxy in Kamchatka, starting with the first missionaries and significant historical events, such as the victory over the Anglo-French squadron in 1854. The walls of the hall will illustrate the entire history of Kamchatka.

Initially, the construction was financed through donations from parishioners, individuals, including Vladimir Putin and Patriarch Alexy II, legal entities, and charitable foundations. Later, the financing of the project was taken over by the company Gazprom.