The construction of the Transfiguration Cathedral began in January 1993 and was completed in August 1996. Specialists from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Greece participated in the creation of this architectural ensemble. On September 26, 1996, the cathedral was consecrated by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia.

The cathedral has five altars. The main altar is dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Savior, while two chapels are dedicated to the Holy Martyr Onuphrius, Archbishop of Stary Oskol, and the Sand Icon of the Mother of God in the upper church. In the baptistery, there is a chapel in honor of All Saints who shone in the Russian land, and in the lower church, the altar is dedicated to Saint Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople. For the bell tower of the cathedral, the Dutch company "Petit and Fritzen" made 11 bells, the largest of which weighs 6.2 tons, and the smallest, 10 kilograms.

To the left of the main altar is a highly revered icon of the Mother of God "Help in Childbirth," consecrated in Novgorod in the 17th century. Every Friday, a water blessing service is held before this icon, during which the intercession of the Mother of God is requested. Numerous jewelry offerings brought in gratitude testify to the received help. The church also houses an icon with a particle of the relics of Saint Joasaph, Bishop of Belgorod. In 2014, an ark with particles of the relics of Saint Joasaph, the saints of Cyprus, Saint Mitrophan of Voronezh, Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk, Saint Nicodemus, the Great Martyr Panteleimon the Healer, the Venerable Job of Pochaev, and the Venerable Amphilochius of Pochaev appeared in the cathedral.

In November 2004, a group of artists led by Alexander Rabotnov began work on the wall paintings of the upper church. Currently, the interior of the cathedral is adorned with paintings dedicated to the earthly life of the Savior, His Divine Transfiguration, the veneration of the Holy Trinity, the Mother of God, events from the Old and New Testaments, as well as the lives of saints. The interior decoration of the cathedral is complemented by wood carvings, new icons, icon cases, and church utensils. The Sofrino masters made the pulpit.

Since 2000, by the blessing of His Eminence John, the cathedral has hosted diocesan services attended by all clergy of the metropolis, as well as pilgrims from many towns and villages in the region. About 350 priests perform the festive service according to the Nativity rite and partake "from one Bread and one Cup."