The church in the village of Kasyovo in the Birsky district was built with the funds of parishioners in two stages. In 1825, only part of the building was completed, where the altar in honor of the great martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica was placed, consecrated on January 10. The main altar, dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul, was consecrated on September 7, 1842. The altar of Demetrius of Thessalonica, which had been in the church until 1842, was moved to the refectory.

The Peter and Paul church in Kasyovo is known for having been visited by Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna in the early 20th century. In 1931, the church was closed, and later it housed a grain dryer and a warehouse. During the 1941-1945 war, the roof was removed from the church to make stoves. In the 1960s, the village of Kasyovo became part of the new city of Neftekamsk.

In 1989, the church was handed over to the Orthodox community; by that time, it was severely damaged, with only the skeleton remaining. For 10 years, parishioners carried out restoration work.

The architecture of the building belongs to late classicism. The composition is dominated by an impressive drum with a large spherical dome. At its peak, there is a small light rotunda with a decorative finish. The lower tier of the church, above the adjoining apse and refectory, is a square with entrances on the northern and southern facades. Against the backdrop of the massive church, the bell tower appears slender and even lightweight. The circular dome of its completion is lost, but it is unlikely that it rose higher than the completion of the church. Due to a slight reduction in the width of the squares, the silhouette of the bell tower acquires elegance and mobility. It has two tiers of bells, the third and fourth; the second is designed as a low attic. Despite the spaciousness of the rectangular refectory and the semicircular apse, their role in the composition is small. A unified classicist decor unites the different volumes. The frieze and cornice, consisting of horizontal profiles, transition from wall to wall, encompassing the entire perimeter of the building. Smooth Tuscan pilasters are set on flat pedestals. Triangular pediments are located above the cornice of the church's square, the base of the bell tower, and its fourth tier.

In the interior, the low two-column space of the refectory contrasts with the extraordinary spaciousness of the church part. The hall, filled with light, culminates in a wonderful stream of light emanating from the windows of the rotunda at an unreachable height under the dome. However, this impressive architectural solution had a downside: in winter, services were held in the more modest but heated refectory part.