The old wooden St. Nicholas church burned down before the war. Now, the district philharmonic building is located on its site. At that time, the community of believers, led by Archpriest Georgy, began to raise funds for the construction of a new church.

In 1946, a plot of land was acquired, and a prayer house was built, which remained the only Orthodox church in Kalach-na-Donu until 1999. In November 1999, the prayer house burned down due to faulty wiring, destroying the church's furnishings and property. The walls of the new church under construction were also damaged.

Construction of the new church began in 1990. The cornerstone was consecrated by Archbishop Pimen of Saratov and Volgograd. From 2007 to 2011, the interior finishing of the church was completed, a new iconostasis was installed, and side steps were built. On April 26, 2011, Metropolitan German of Volgograd and Kamyshin performed the Great Consecration of the church. In 2014, the church received the status of a Cathedral.