The stone building located near the walls of the monastery, to the left of the entrance, deserves attention. This was the former cathedral of the town of Kirillov, consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Its construction took place over several generations. It is the oldest parish church in Kirillov by the time of its appearance. It is likely that it is mentioned in the inventory of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery from 1668 as the Kazan Church, which then belonged to the monastery, although it was located outside its boundaries. Originally, it was a wooden church with a bell tower, built with donations from the residents of the monastery settlement.

The stone temple on the site of the wooden one was erected in 1700. From that moment, the Kazan Church no longer belonged to the monastery but was part of the monastery settlement. After the transformation of the settlement into a district town in 1776, the Kazan Church became a cathedral. Soon, there arose a need for its expansion and for giving it a more representative appearance. By 1825, the reconstruction and decoration of the Kazan Cathedral was completed according to the design of Collegiate Councillor Alexander Ivanovich Starov.

In the new temple, three altars were arranged. In the warm section on the left was the altar in the name of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, on the right, the Mother of God of Bogolyubsk, and the altar of the cold cathedral, as before, was consecrated in honor of the Mother of God of Kazan. Of the old images for the new iconostases, only those particularly revered with depictions of St. Cyril of Belozersk and the Kazan Mother of God were preserved. In 1859, carved iconostases made according to the designs of Academician F.G. Solntsev were delivered from St. Petersburg. New images were also ordered there, created by the “icon painter of His Imperial Majesty's court” M. Peshekhonov.

The cathedral in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God played an important role in the life of Kirillov, where weddings and rituals that could not be performed in the monastery were held. The main square of the town, where fairs took place, was located by the cathedral.

In the 1930s, the cathedral was closed. The bell tower was destroyed at the end of 1935 or the beginning of 1936. Locals recall how the spire was pulled down by a tractor using cables, and the bells had been sent for melting even earlier. Nevertheless, the cathedral remained the center of urban life; until the 1960s, large fairs were held twice a year by its walls, and markets were bustling on Sundays. During the Soviet era, the building of the cathedral housed a wine workshop. The revived community of Kirillov managed to remove the wine production from the temple, and the dilapidated building was handed over to the community. However, there are no funds for the major repairs of the cathedral.