Khrenovsky Horse Breeding Factory is an ancient enterprise for breeding horses, founded on October 24, 1776, by Count A. G. Orlov-Chesmensky. It is located in the village of Sloboda in the Bobrovsky District of the Voronezh Region.

The complex of buildings of the factory was constructed from 1810 to 1818 according to the designs of architect D. I. Zhilyardi. The walls of the stables are up to 90 cm thick, the roofs cover an area of 4.5 hectares, and the perimeter length exceeds 5 km.

The factory is famous for breeding the Orlov trotting horse breed. In 1811, Countess Anna appointed serf V. I. Shishkin from the village of Ostrov as the factory manager, who made a significant contribution to the development of the enterprise.

After Shishkin's dismissal in 1831, the factory was managed by Sedin and Lieutenant Colonel Kromeshnoi. In 15 years, they brought it to decline: many horses became mixed-breed, and the population decreased by more than half. As a result, Countess Anna Orlova sold the factory to the state for 6.5 million rubles in banknotes. Since then, the factory became state-owned, and it was mainly managed by people with general ranks, while soldiers and lower ranks of the army serviced it.

From 1880, the factory was serviced by hired workers from among former soldiers and their families, but management remained with people of high military ranks or stallmasters.

During the Civil War, horses were evacuated three times to Tambov region. After the war, the factory gathered the best representatives of the Orlov breed, mainly surviving from the liquidated Prilepsky Horse Factory, which was considered the best in Russia.

Here, lines of the Orlov breed were established, such as Ulova, Lovchiy, and Bartchuk, which are still active today. During the Great Patriotic War, horses were evacuated to the Urals in the Kurgan region, where they remained until 1944.

On August 30, 1960, by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the architectural ensemble of the factory was placed under protection as a monument of antiquity and Russian architecture of the first category.

In the 20th century, Khrenovsky Horse Breeding Factory produced the largest number of breeders. In the 1940s and 1950s, its fame resounded throughout the USSR. Here, famous Orlov horses were born, such as the record holder Morskoy Priboy and the winner of the All-Union Derby and Bars prizes at the Moscow Hippodrome Bylaia Mechta. Orlov trotters bred at the factory set 31 records in the 20th century. As of January 1, 2001, the factory had bred 247 Orlov trotters with a time of 2 minutes 10 seconds and faster over a distance of 1600 meters, as well as 17 trotters with a time of 2 minutes 5 seconds and faster. 11 Orlov horses bred at the factory became champions at the VDNH and VSHV exhibitions. From 1976 to 2000, 51 Orlov horses were recognized by experts as the best in type and exterior.