The village of Uspenskoe, located in the Kolpakovskaya volost of the Lgovsky district, has been known since the 17th century. According to V.D. Morozova, the parish consisted of several hamlets: Uspenka (landowners Zolotarev), Kubinshchina (landowner Kubbe), Tsibulshchina (landowner Tsibulsky), and Aninshchina. After the 1917 revolution, these hamlets united into one village council and became known as Uspenka.

During the excavation for the restored church, two foundation stones and a copper plaque were found with the inscription: "In the year of the Nativity of Christ 1845, under the pious Sovereign Emperor Nicholas Pavlovich, Autocrat of All Russia, with the blessing of His Grace Archbishop Iliodor of Kursk and Belogorsk, on the 29th of July, the house of God is being laid in the village of Uspenskoe Kamenevo in the name of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Protopriest Ioann Zelinin and Ioann Pletnev, with the builder parishioner Staff Captain Zolotarev and parishioners servant of God Ekaterina with children, Yakov with children, Nikanor and Elisaveta with children, Anna with children, and Pelageya with children."

With the blessing of Archbishop Juvenaly, the foundation stones of the church were placed under the Holy Altar of the newly constructed church. The name of the village Uspenskoe was already established, suggesting that a church of the same name existed in the village previously.

According to V.D. Morozova, there were two churches in the village: a winter and a summer church. The summer church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built by landowner Anna Zolotaryova in 1913 in memory of her deceased 14-year-old son, presumably Mikhail, who was buried in the grounds of the new church. The church was wooden, round, with three altars and three domes, painted blue on the outside and decorated inside with gold leaf. Stained glass windows were installed.

The winter church, according to local residents, was consecrated in honor of John the Baptist and resembled a simple house with a cross and a small dome. It was also decorated inside. The church-parish school consisted of stone and wooden parts: classes were held in the stone part, while the teacher lived in the wooden part.

In 1929, the winter church was closed by the decision of the Presidium of the Central Black Earth Executive Committee: "Considering the presence of another church in the village of Uspenskoe, as well as the urgent need for a school building, to close the church in the village of Uspenskoe and transfer the building for cultural and educational needs" (GAKO). A school was established in the winter church, while the summer church did not last long.

After the liberation of the village from 1943 to 1945, the warm church housed a grain warehouse, and then it was converted into a school. Every summer, the ceilings in the school were whitewashed, and through the fresh whitewash, paintings emerged: a large circle in the center and Angels in the corners.

On the site of the village Uspenka, a young city of atomic scientists, Kurchatov, emerged. In 1989, a church community was registered in the city. In 1990, a young priest, Father Georgy, arrived in the city. At the request of the parishioners, the authorities transferred a small wooden house to the community, which turned out to be part of the church-parish school (the brick part of the school was dismantled in 1932 and used for the construction of a school in the village of Tarasovo). In this house, a church was established, which is now a small baptismal church in honor of John the Baptist. At the same time, the construction of a new church began, with the foundation stone laid by Archbishop Juvenaly. During the excavation of the foundation, a foundation plaque was discovered, confirming the exact location of the church, as well as a crypt with the remains of priests. The remains were collected and buried under the foundation of the building church.

On December 20, 1996, the church was consecrated with the Great Rite. The consecration was conducted by His Grace Juvenaly, Archbishop of Kursk and Rylsk.

The frescoes of the church were created by icon painter Boris Yurievich Norstein with assistant Inna Alexandrovna Zhukova. The work on the interior decoration of the church was mostly completed in 2006.