According to the scribal books from 1622-1629, outside Bryansk, in the area of the modern Kravtsov Square, there was a wooden church dedicated to Boris and Gleb, surrounded by a cemetery. In 1732, at this site, in the Lower Posopnaya Sloboda, parishioners built a new church known as "Nikolai the Lower," in honor of Saint Nicholas. A petition from the parishioners, including Fedot Prezhentsov and others, as well as priest Peter Makariyev, has been preserved, in which they express their desire to dismantle the dilapidated church and build a new one with a refectory and an altar in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which was not present in Bryansk and its surroundings.

According to the historical description of the churches of Bryansk from 1905, the fire of 1762 significantly delayed the construction of the church, which was completed only in 1783. Initially, the church had one altar in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God. In 1792, merchant Vasily Gorbunov added a warm chapel with two altars: in honor of Saint Nicholas and the holy princes Boris and Gleb.

According to L.F. Osipenko, the church burned down in 1762, and in 1783, merchant Gorbunov laid the foundation for a stone church, consecrated as the Dormition Church, since there was already a church of Saint Nicholas in Bryansk. However, the chapel in honor of Saint Nicholas was preserved, and the old name "Nikolai the Lower" remained among the people.

The main shrine of the church was the miraculous icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God from the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. It was stolen and returned to the church 130 years later by the elder Praskovya Petrovna Nikolaeva. The parish had a church school.

In early 1927, the agreement with the church community was terminated due to thefts, lack of security, and debts. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee received a complaint from the parishioners, and the Bryansk regional executive committee explained that the agreement was made with a renovation group, as there was no church of this trend in Bryansk, unlike six Old Believer churches.

By the resolution of the Western regional executive committee on March 6, 1930, the church was closed and used as a garage. Later, it housed warehouses and a furniture store, and in the early 1970s, the church was destroyed. The chapel of the Nikolai church was closed and converted into kiosks, as decided by the resolution of January 11, 1930. This chapel, built into the fence of the Dormition church, can be seen in a photograph from the early 20th century.