The church was designed by provincial architect Yasnigin, and the bell tower by architect Sokolov. Construction of the new church on the site of the old one began in 1798 and was completed in 1804. In 1818, the construction of a new bell tower began, which was completed in 1833. In 1851, a western porch was added and a stone fence with iron grilles was installed.

The church is designed as a rotunda with a Byzantine dome topped with a cupola. The side entrances are adorned with porticoes featuring Doric columns, and a similar portico is located above the main window of the altar apse. The refectory part is surrounded by colonnades of four columns with parapets and semicircular niches in the center.

The bell tower consists of three tiers and is connected to the church. The first tier has a quadrangular shape with porticoes on each side; the columns are of mixed order, Ionic transitioning to Corinthian. The second and third tiers are round, with Ionic columns at the arches. The height of the bell tower with the cross is 87 meters. The main altar of the church is consecrated in honor of the Holy Myrrhbearers, and the chapels are dedicated to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (1800) and the Meeting of the Lord (1809).

The church's iconostasis was its main decoration, including icons from the old church. The chapels housed revered icons, such as the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God with a relic cross, icons of the Savior, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and martyrs Flora and Lavra from the 17th century, as well as martyr Blasius from the 17th century. In the Meeting chapel, the icon of the Meeting of the Lord, commissioned by the Kaluga residents during the plague of 1771, was especially venerated. The Myrrhbearers' church was located on the outskirts of the city towards Moscow. On February 2, 1771, during the feast of the Meeting of the Lord, a procession took place at the church where townspeople prayed for protection from disaster. The procession was repeated on February 2, 1813, due to a fever epidemic after the 1812 war.

The church was closed in 1930 and used as a warehouse. Since 1960, it has been a monument of architecture of republican significance. In 1990, the church was returned to the Church, and on April 29 of the same year, the first service was held. The main altar was consecrated in 1993 by Archbishop Clement. The first rector was Priest Alexander Kozlovich. On July 5, 1993, Igumen Donat (Petenkov) was appointed chairman of the parish council and responsible for restoration work, and since 2012 he has become the rector of the church. During the restoration, the roof was renewed, the floor was laid with marble, heating was installed, electrical wiring was replaced, new frames and doors were installed, the church was plastered and painted, iconostases were made, and painting began. On January 29, 2007, the church was transferred to the ownership of the Kaluga Diocese.

In the 1990s, the church was visited twice by high church hierarchs: in 1992 by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, and in 1994 by Patriarch of Alexandria Parthenios III.