In 1873, when the Bryansk factory was founded, a chapel appeared on the site of the future church. In 1879, a prayer house was built here. In 1882, the factory workers began constructing a wooden church with a frame made of iron rails, which was consecrated in June of the same year. However, on December 12, the church burned down, and it was restored in 11 days.

In 1894, the church was moved to a new location, and on January 15, 1895, it was consecrated by the Bryansk archpriest Father V.I. Popov and the Swensk hieromonk Father Pakhomiy, with the assistance of four priests and two deacons. In 1899, a Nikolsky chapel was arranged in the church.

In 1923, the church was closed, and in 1925 it was handed over to the Renovationists, after which it became the cathedral of the Bryansk and Bezhitsa Renovationist diocese. In 1930, the church was closed again and converted into a sports club, removing the domes. In 1942, the church reopened.

In 1961, the church was finally closed and dismantled in 1963. A five-story brick dormitory for the Bryansk machine engineering plant was built in its place.

The street where the Peter and Paul church was located was originally called Church Street in honor of the church, then Red Street, in honor of Nicholas II's visit to Bezhitsa in 1915. After the revolution, it became Red Army Street, and after the merger of Bryansk and Bezhitsa, it was named Third International Street.

The Peter and Paul church was small and did not stand out for its architectural elegance. Its frame made of iron rails was covered with wood on both sides. The one-story main part with a broken roof and an onion dome on the light drum, decorated with skylights, was adjacent to a side room with a porch and a long one-story refectory with a tent-shaped bell tower.