The village of Golubeya has been known since the Time of Troubles, and by 1600 there was a church there. According to tradition, it was built by Kirill Naryshkin in honor of the Saints Athanasius and Cyril, Archbishops of Alexandria. In the 17th century, the village belonged to the Tolochanov family, a noble family from Bryansk, who rose to prominence thanks to False Dmitry I, but by the early 18th century, the family had died out, and the village passed to the Golitsyns.

In 1776, on the site of the old church, Princes Mikhail and Alexander Golitsyn built a new wooden church, which was consecrated on February 18, 1785. After 64 years, it fell into disrepair, and in 1844, with the blessing of Bishop Evlampiy of Oryol, construction of a new stone church with a bell tower began, funded by Count Vasily Dmitrievich Olsufyev. It was equipped with three altars: the main one in the name of the Holy Trinity, the southern one in honor of the Resurrection of Christ, and the northern one in the name of Saints Athanasius and Cyril. In 1869, the church suffered from a fire but was restored without significant changes to its architecture.

According to the memories of the locals, during the years of persecution against the Russian Orthodox Church, the church remained open, and services continued there. The Trinity Church is one of the early examples of cult architecture in the Russian style in Bryansk, imitating the architecture of pre-Mongol Rus.

The Church of the Trinity is located on a high bank of the Desna River in the center of the village and dominates the surrounding landscape. It is a four-pillar, single-domed church of square shape with three semicircular apses. A small porch with a bell tower adjoins it from the west. The cube of the hall is topped with a light drum on spring arches and crowned with a dome with a cross. The stone church stands on a high basement, decorated with decorative elements such as faceted half-columns, stepped cornices, and a triangular pediment. The frames of the windows and doors are made of brick without plaster. The bell tower has the shape of a deep semicircular niche with a balustrade. The Trinity Church is an original example of the neo-Russian style of the 19th century in its early stage of development.

On July 27, 1986, an altar was consecrated in the northern chapel of the church in honor of the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple. Since 2008, the church has been the Holy Trinity Archierarchical Metochion.