The Church of St. George the Victorious in Mtsensk is located on a high bank of the Mtsna River, in the Balchug area, which is the oldest part of the city. It is believed that the George parish existed here as early as the 16th century.

The first written mention of the church appears in the land registry of the city of Mtsensk, compiled by Vasily Vasilyevich Chernychev and scribe Osip Bogdanov in 1625. At that time, there were two wooden churches on this site: St. George the Passion-Bearer and Saints Boris and Gleb with an altar dedicated to St. Basil the Blessed. These churches housed icons, books, vestments, bells, and other church belongings managed by priest Fyodor. There were two courtyards for the priests, as well as courtyards for the prosphora baker, the sexton, and three courtyards for the poor.

In 1683, a stone church dedicated to St. George was built on the site of the wooden churches. However, over time it became cramped and dilapidated, so in 1825, a more spacious church with the same name was erected with funds from the parishioners. It had two altars: the main cold altar in honor of St. George the Victorious and a warm side altar in honor of the Holy Blessed Princes Boris and Gleb. Among the benefactors of the church was actual state councilor Nikolai Ivanovich Shenshin. There was also a wooden almshouse near the church. In 1930, the church was closed, and the bell tower was lost.

By the 1990s, the church had been abandoned. In the late 2000s, it was returned to the believers, and restoration work began.