The church was built in 1775 in the suburban settlement of Peski, where a wooden church in honor of Archangel Michael had stood since 1699. In the third quarter of the 19th century, the refectory, chapels, and altar part were rebuilt. The bell tower was constructed in the early 20th century. During the Bolshevik persecutions, the Mikhailov Church, like many others, was closed.

In 1948, the parish resumed its activities, and since then, services have continued in the church. In 2003, with the blessing of Metropolitan Sergey of Voronezh and Borisoglebsk, major repairs and restoration began. On June 24, 2007, during the fourth week after Pentecost, Metropolitan Sergey conducted the rite of renewal of the church before the Divine Liturgy.

The architecture of the church combines three styles: Baroque, which forms the core of the building; Russian style, used in the decoration of the facades of the refectory, chapels, and altar part; and Classicism, manifested in the eclectic stylization of the bell tower. The church has the shape of a 'ship' and reaches a height of 25 meters. The three-tiered bell tower, 42 meters tall, and one dome complete the composition. In 1995, the church was recognized as a federal architectural monument.

The construction and improvement of the church were supported by the abbot of the Semiluki Male Monastery, Archimandrite Zosima, originally from Ostrogozhsk, and Moscow entrepreneur Vasily Andreyevich Letov.