The Church of St. Gregory of Neocaesarea, built in the mid-17th century, stands out with its bright ochre shades and intricate patterns. It is located on Bolshaya Polyanka, known for its merchant mansions, not far from the 'Polyanka' metro station. The architecture of the church includes three main parts: a tent-shaped bell tower connected to the refectory and the square base, which is adorned with a row of kokoshniks and five domes. The decorative elements of the church amaze with their beauty: white stone and brick details, window frames, portals, and cornices. The facades of the bell tower and the square base are decorated with a belt of nine thousand multicolored tiles known as 'peacock eye', created by the master Stepan Ivanov, known as Polubes.

According to legend, the church was founded in honor of the return of Grand Duke Vasily II from Tatar captivity. While in captivity, the duke vowed to build a church at the place from which he would first see Moscow, in honor of the saint whose memory was celebrated that day. This occurred on November 17 (30), 1445, on the feast day of St. Gregory, the bishop and miracle worker of Neocaesarea. It is from this spot that a view of the Kremlin domes opens up, and the duke, tormented by captivity, praised God for his salvation.

Documentary references to the church date back to 1632, when it was wooden. In the mid-17th century, the rector Andrei Savinov, the spiritual advisor to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, began the construction of a stone church with state funds. It is known that Savinov influenced the choice of Alexei Mikhailovich's widow, Natalia Naryshkina, as his bride. Literature sometimes mentions that the wedding and baptism of their firstborn, Peter I, took place in this church, although historians assert that it occurred in the Kremlin Cathedral.

After the death of the tsar, the construction of the church was not completed, and Savinov was exiled to a monastery for building without patriarchal blessing. However, later the patriarch blessed the completion and consecration of the church. The interior decoration of the church is no less magnificent: the walls are painted by craftsmen from Kostroma and Pereyaslav, and the icons are painted by Ushakov and Zinovyev. The presence of a 'royal place' gave the church a special status. Over more than three centuries, the church has been plundered twice: in 1812 and in the 1930s. In 1994, the church was consecrated again. Today, the main shrine of the church is the miraculous Bogolyubskaya icon of the Mother of God. It also houses the relics of saints, including Gregory of Neocaesarea, Tikhon of Zadonsk, and Mitrophan of Voronezh.