The village of Polotnyany Zavod has a rich history. In the early 18th century, Timofey Filatov-Karamyshev founded one of the first linen factories in Russia here. On December 16, 1775, Empress Catherine II visited the village. In 1812, after the Battle of Maloyaroslavets, it housed the headquarters of Kutuzov. In the 1830s, the village, which was the estate of the Goncharovs, was visited multiple times by A.S. Pushkin.

In 1736, A.A. Goncharov began the major construction of his estate. From 1736 to 1741, a new stone church of the Transfiguration was built on the site of the old wooden church, complete with a bell tower and two chapels: of John Chrysostom and Athanasius the Great. The wooden church was relocated to the village of Tovarkovo. A parish school operated at the church.

The Spassky Gates were also built in the style of Peter's Baroque, serving as the ceremonial entrance to the estate and simultaneously as church gates. It is likely that around this time a high stone wall appeared to the east of the gates, enclosing the churchyard. The main structures are executed in the style of Peter's Baroque.

In January 1784, A.A. Goncharov passed away and was buried in a mausoleum attached to the church, the tomb made of white marble. In 1785, the estate passed to his grandson Athanasius Nikolaevich.

It is known that the famous surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov and Alexandra Bistrom, a descendant of G. Shchepochkin, were married in Polotnyany Zavod. The wedding took place on June 7/20, 1850, in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord at the Goncharov estate.

The names of the church's rectors are known from the late 19th century. Until 1863, it was Priest Georgy Lebedev, from 1863 to 1875, Priest Vasily Georgievich Lebedev, from 1875 to 1890, Priest Joseph Samuilovich Spassky, from 1893 to 1894, Priest Nikolai Vasilyevsky, and from 1894 to 1911, Priest Mikhail Demidov. In 1911, the rector became Archpriest Vasily Ivanov, who during his service converted over 100 people from the schism. He was arrested in 1929 along with Priest Vasily Strakhov and church elder Nikolai Nikolaevich Sychev. The verdict was issued on January 18, 1930: Fr. Vasily Ivanov received five years of exile, Fr. Vasily Strakhov, ten years of imprisonment, and Nikolai Nikolaevich, five years of imprisonment.

On August 17, 1932, two nuns were sentenced by the OGPU troika: Ekaterina Efremovna Avdeeva received ten years in a labor camp, and Pelageya Sergeevna Sokolova, three years of exile.

After the nationalization of the estate in 1921, the church with the bell tower and the Goncharov mausoleum was destroyed, and the Red House burned down.

During the 1941-1945 war, after a fire, only the stone walls of the Goncharov house remained, and the park suffered greatly. Currently, all viewpoints have been preserved, but the panoramas that open from them have changed. The main change is the loss of the main vertical dominant, the Church of the Transfiguration with the bell tower.