The Transfiguration of the Lord Cathedral, also known as the Transfiguration Church, was located between Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Street (now Krasnaya Armii), Staropreobrazhenskaya Street (now S. Perovskaya), and Zolotaryovskaya Street (now Gaidar). It was one of the oldest churches in Kursk, built in 1595 as a wooden structure and later reconstructed. The new church was built from 1776 to 1793 and was finally completed and expanded in 1832. It was a large two-story church in the Baroque style. Interestingly, the old wooden church was not destroyed during the construction of the new church, but was carefully dismantled and moved to a new location, where the Catherine Church now stands.

In 1934, the church was closed, the bell tower was demolished a year later, and in 1937, the building housed a bakery. During the occupation of the city by German fascist troops, the building of the former Transfiguration Cathedral was blown up.